PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON ELEMENT FREE

This is due to the formation of four covalent bonds on account of four electrons in their valence shells which results in strong binding forces in between their atoms in solid as well as in liquid state. (ii) The m.pt and b.pt of group 14 elements are however, higher than their corresponding group 13 elements. of this group members decrease down the group.

(3) Density : The density of these elements increases down the group as reported below Lead is found is form of galena (PbS) anglesite (PbSO 4) and cerussite (PbCO 3) The abundance ratio in earth’s crust is given below,Ībundance in earth’s crust (ppm) 320 277200 7 40 16 It important constituent for making conductors and transistors the important ore of tin is tin stone (SnO 2) or cassiterite. Germanium found in traces in coal and in certain deposits.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON ELEMENT FREE

Only carbon occurs in free state as coal, diamond and graphite and in combined state as carbonates, CO 2 petroleum and natural gas Silicon is the second most abundant element after oxygen in earth’s crust in form of silicates and silica.

Tin and lead also occur in small amounts. (2) Abundance : Carbon and silicon are most abundant elements in earth’s crust whereas germanium occurs only as traces. Non-metal metalloid metal metal or semi metal (1) Non-metallic nature : The non-metallic nature decreases along the group.

Physical properties of carbon element